Apparatus and method for puncturing the epidermis with controlled fluid delivery

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of an apparatus include a needle cartridge configured to attach to and interface with an actuating device. The needle cartridge includes a housing, a needle group assembly, and a fluid port. The housing forms a cavity and includes a first aperture and a second aperture opposite the first aperture. The needle group assembly includes a needle and a needle holder. The needle group assembly is configured to move in a reciprocating motion relative to the housing along an axis from the first aperture to the second aperture. During the reciprocating motion, the needle fully retracts into the cavity through the first aperture. The fluid port is integrated with the housing and includes a hollow projection forming a conduit and extending away from the housing. The fluid port includes a third aperture, wherein the fluid port is configured to interface with a fluid delivery system.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 62/216,206 filed on Sep. 9, 2015, and entitled“Tattoo and Tattoo Removal Device and Method,” the contents of which arehereby incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

Tattooing is the process of the introduction of colored inks into thedermis layer of skin to permanently color the skin. The process requiresthe controlled application of the colored inks to the dermis layer of apatient's skin, by repeatedly perforating the epidermis layer of skinwith controlled punctures by needles coated in ink. Once punctured, theskin cells wipe the ink from the surface of the needles, whichessentially stains these cells with the desired pigments.

Tattoos (as well as permanent make-up) can over time be less desirablefor people due to poor design, social stigma, or life changes (e.g.,career or relationship changes, etc.). Tattoo removal can be difficult,costly, and painful. Improvements in tattoo removal are needed to betterserve a large segment of customers with a less difficult, costly, andpainful removal process.

SUMMARY

The subject matter of the present application has been developed inresponse to the present state of the art, and in particular, in responseto the shortcomings of tattoo removal, that have not yet been fullysolved by currently available techniques. Accordingly, the subjectmatter of the present application has been developed to overcome atleast some of the shortcomings of prior art techniques.

Embodiments of an apparatus for puncturing the epidermis with controlledfluid delivery are described. In one embodiment, the apparatus includesa needle cartridge configured to attach to and interface with anactuating device. The needle cartridge includes a housing, a needlegroup assembly, and a fluid port. The housing forms a cavity andincludes a first aperture and a second aperture opposite the firstaperture. The needle group assembly includes a needle and a needleholder. The needle group assembly is configured to move in areciprocating motion relative to the housing along an axis from thefirst aperture to the second aperture. During the reciprocating motion,the needle fully retracts into the cavity through the first aperture.The fluid port is integrated with the housing and includes a hollowprojection forming a conduit and extending away from the housing. Thefluid port includes a third aperture, wherein the fluid port isconfigured to interface with a fluid delivery system. Other embodimentsof an apparatus for puncturing the epidermis with controlled fluiddelivery are described.

Embodiments of a method for puncturing the epidermis with controlledfluid delivery are described. In one embodiment, the method forpuncturing the epidermis with controlled fluid delivery includesactuating a needle group assembly of a needle cartridge in areciprocating motion, receiving fluid from a fluid delivery systemthrough a third aperture of a fluid port, and discharging the fluidthrough a first aperture during the reciprocating motion. The needlecartridge includes a housing and the needle group assembly, the housingforming a cavity and including the fluid port, the first aperture, and asecond aperture opposite the first aperture. The needle group assemblyis housed within the cavity and includes at least one needle and aneedle holder. During the reciprocating motion, the at least one needleretracts fully into the cavity through the first aperture. Otherembodiments of a method for puncturing the epidermis with controlledfluid delivery are described herein.

Other aspects and advantages of embodiments of the present inventionwill become apparent from the following detailed description, taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings illustrated by way of exampleof the principles of the invention.

The described features, structures, advantages, and/or characteristicsof the subject matter of the present disclosure may be combined in anysuitable manner in one or more embodiments and/or implementations. Inthe following description, numerous specific details are provided toimpart a thorough understanding of embodiments of the subject matter ofthe present disclosure. One skilled in the relevant art will recognizethat the subject matter of the present disclosure may be practicedwithout one or more of the specific features, details, components,materials, and/or methods of a particular embodiment or implementation.In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognizedin certain embodiments and/or implementations that may not be present inall embodiments or implementations. Further, in some instances,well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown ordescribed in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the subject matter ofthe present disclosure. The features and advantages of the subjectmatter of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent fromthe following description and appended claims, or may be learned by thepractice of the subject matter as set forth hereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order that the advantages of the subject matter may be more readilyunderstood, a more particular description of the subject matter brieflydescribed above will be rendered by reference to specific embodimentsthat are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that thesedrawings depict only typical embodiments of the subject matter and arenot therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the subjectmatter will be described and explained with additional specificity anddetail through the use of the drawings.

FIG. 1 depicts a perspective view of a needle cartridge for puncturingthe epidermis with controlled fluid delivery, according to one or moreembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 depicts a side view of a needle cartridge and an actuatingdevice, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 depicts a side view of a needle cartridge attached to anactuating device, according to one or more embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 4 depicts a cross-sectional side view of a needle cartridgeattached to an actuating device, according to one or more embodiments ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 5 depicts a top view of a needle cartridge for puncturing theepidermis with controlled fluid delivery, according to one or moreembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 depicts a side view of a needle cartridge for puncturing theepidermis with controlled fluid delivery, according to one or moreembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 depicts a bottom view of a needle cartridge for puncturing theepidermis with controlled fluid delivery, according to one or moreembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 depicts a front view of a needle cartridge for puncturing theepidermis with controlled fluid delivery, according to one or moreembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 depicts a rear view of a needle cartridge for puncturing theepidermis with controlled fluid delivery, according to one or moreembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 depicts an exploded side view of a needle cartridge forpuncturing the epidermis with controlled fluid delivery, according toone or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 depicts an exploded perspective view of a needle cartridge forpuncturing the epidermis with controlled fluid delivery, according toone or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 depicts an exploded cross-sectional view of a needle cartridgefor puncturing the epidermis with controlled fluid delivery, accordingto one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 depicts a cross-sectional side view of a needle cartridge forpuncturing the epidermis with controlled fluid delivery, according toone or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 depicts a cross-sectional side view of a needle cartridge forpuncturing the epidermis with controlled fluid delivery, according toone or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 depicts a cross-sectional perspective view of a needle cartridgefor puncturing the epidermis with controlled fluid delivery, accordingto one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 depicts a perspective view of a needle cartridge for puncturingthe epidermis with controlled fluid delivery, according to one or moreembodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 depicts a cross-sectional perspective view of a needle cartridgefor puncturing the epidermis with controlled fluid delivery, accordingto one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 depicts a flow chart diagram of a method for puncturing anepidermis with controlled fluid delivery, according to one or moreembodiments of the present disclosure.

It will be appreciated that the drawings are illustrative and notlimiting of the scope of the invention which is defined by the appendedclaims. The embodiments shown accomplish various aspects and objects ofthe invention. It is appreciated that it is not possible to clearly showeach element and aspect of the invention in a single figure, and assuch, multiple figures are presented to separately illustrate thevarious details of the invention in greater clarity. Similarly, notevery embodiment need accomplish all advantages of the presentinvention.

While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications andalternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way ofexample in the drawings and will be described in detail herein. However,it should be understood that the disclosure is not intended to belimited to the particular forms disclosed. Rather, the intention is tocover all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within thespirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Throughout the description, similar reference numbers may be used toidentify similar elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

It will be readily understood that the components of the embodiments asgenerally described herein and illustrated in the appended figures couldbe arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.Thus, the following more detailed description of various embodiments, asrepresented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of thepresent disclosure, but is merely representative of various embodiments.While the various aspects of the embodiments are presented in drawings,the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specificallyindicated.

The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms withoutdeparting from its spirit or essential characteristics. The describedembodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrativeand not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicatedby the appended claims rather than by this detailed description. Allchanges which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of theclaims are to be embraced within their scope.

Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, orsimilar language does not imply that all of the features and advantagesthat may be realized with the present invention should be or are in anysingle embodiment of the invention. Rather, language referring to thefeatures and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature,advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodimentis included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus,discussions of the features and advantages, and similar language,throughout this specification may, but do not necessarily, refer to thesame embodiment.

Furthermore, the described features, advantages, and characteristics ofthe invention may be combined in any suitable manner in one or moreembodiments. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, in light ofthe description herein, that the invention can be practiced without oneor more of the specific features or advantages of a particularembodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages maybe recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in allembodiments of the invention.

Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment,” “anembodiment,” or similar language means that a particular feature,structure, or characteristic described in connection with the indicatedembodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the presentinvention. Thus, the phrases “in one embodiment,” “in an embodiment,”and similar language throughout this specification may, but do notnecessarily, all refer to the same embodiment.

While many embodiments are described herein, at least some of thedescribed embodiments allow for the efficient removal of tattoos,permanent makeup, and other indelible mark or pigment on and under theskin. Some embodiments allow for self-cleaning of a needle grouping.Some embodiments provide for more accurate and consistent depth ofneedle penetration on the skin of a patient. Some embodiments allow forthe efficient delivery of fluid with minimal or no leaking of the fluidinto the interior of an actuating device. While description hereinrefers primarily to tattoo removal, the apparatuses, systems, andmethods described herein may be also be utilized for tattooing or otherapplication of inks, etc., to the skin of a patient.

Referring to FIG. 1, a perspective view of a needle cartridge 100 forpuncturing the epidermis with controlled fluid delivery is shown. Insome embodiments, the needle cartridge 100 includes a housing 102 whichforms an internal cavity (not visible). The housing 102 at leastpartially encloses a needle group assembly 104 including a needle group(not visible). In the illustrated embodiment, only a shaft 108(protruding from the housing 102) of the needle group assembly isvisible.

The needle group assembly 104 is configured to move relative to thehousing 102. In the illustrated embodiment, the needle group assembly104 reciprocates (relative to the housing 102) in an axial direction(depicted by arrows 112) running along the length of the shaft 108. Asthe needle group assembly 104 reciprocates relative to the housing 102,a needle group (not visible) of the needle group assembly reciprocatesback and forth at an end opposite the shaft 108.

The needle group reciprocates back and forth and in and out of thehousing 102 through a first aperture 106. The first aperture 106 islocated at a tip of the housing 102 of the needle cartridge 100 on anend opposite where the shaft 108 protrudes from the housing 102. In theillustrated embodiment, the shaft 108 protrudes out of a second aperture(not visible) of the housing 102.

Referring to the reciprocating motion of the needle group assembly 104,an end of the needle group emerges from the housing 102 through thefirst aperture 106 during a forward motion and retracts back into thehousing 102 through the first aperture 106 during a reverse motion. Theneedle group moves back and forth between a first position (e.g., aretracted position with the needle group wholly within the cavity of thehousing 102) and a second position (e.g., a forward position with an endof the needle group emerged from the first aperture 106). The needlegroup is located wholly or at least partially within the cavity of thehousing 102 depending on whether the needle group assembly 104 is in aforward position (e.g., an emerged position) or in a backward position(e.g., a retracted position).

In some embodiments, the housing 102 of the needle cartridge includesbearings or bearing surfaces that allow the linear reciprocating motionof the needle group assembly 104 and prevents radial motion in adirection away from a longitudinal axis of the needle group assembly104. The bearing surface may be an inside surface of the housing 102. Insome embodiments, the needle cartridge 100 includes bearings within thehousing 102 that function to allow the linear reciprocating motion ofthe needle group assembly 104 and prevent radial motion of the needlegroup assembly 104. In addition, the inside surface of the firstaperture 106 prevents radial motion of the needle group and the needlegroup assembly 104. In some embodiments, the bearings, bearing surfaces,and/or inside surface of the first aperture 106 prevent separation ofthe needle group in a radial direction.

Although described herein as a needle group, in some embodiments, theneedle group assembly 104 includes only a single needle. In someembodiments, the needle group includes a plurality of needles side byside. In some implementations, the needle group includes a grouping ofsurgically sharpened non-hollow needles. In some embodiments, theneedles of the needle group are grouped side by side and are formed in apattern. In some implementations, the needle group forms a circularpattern at the sharpened end of the needles. In some implementations,the needle group forms a linear pattern at the sharpened end of theneedles. The needle group may form any of a number of patterns or shapesand may be designed to form a more particular pattern or shape dependingon the need of a user.

In some embodiments, the needle group fully retracts into the housing102 through the first aperture 106 during the reciprocating motion. Thefull retraction of the needle group during the reciprocating motionfacilitates various beneficial functions of the needle cartridge 100. Inone aspect, during tattoo removal (or during application of a tattoo)the depth of penetration of the needle affects the quality of theremoval (or application). For example, penetration either too deep intothe skin or too shallow may result in subpar removal (or application) ofa tattoo. Penetration too deep into the skin may result in unnecessaryscarring. Shallow penetration will not allow ink to be removed duringthe removal process.

In addition, the tattoo removal technician (or tattoo artist) whilemoving along the skin in a pattern may catch or snag skin if the needleis inserted into the skin while moving the needle transversely acrossthe skin. In embodiments described herein, the tip of the needlecartridge 100 (i.e., the location of the first aperture 106) may rest onthe skin of a patient, allowing the needle group to penetrate the skinat a repeatable depth. In addition, while the needle group is in a fullyretracted position, the needle cartridge can by moved transversely tothe surface of the skin without catching or snagging the skin. Thisallows for a far more repeatable process and less training oftechnicians, as the technician can rest the tip of the needle cartridgeon the skin of a patient. In addition, during the tattoo removalprocess, the reciprocating needle group punctures and break ups thesuperficial dermal layer of skin to uncover the ink. The tip of theneedle cartridge can push the dermal debris aside.

In some embodiments, the needle cartridge 100 is configured to interfacewith a fluid delivery system. The fluid delivery system may include afluid reservoir, a pumping system, and a fluid dispenser which isconfigured to attach to the needle cartridge 100 and deliver fluid intothe needle cartridge 100. In some embodiments, the fluid delivery systeminterfaces with a fluid port 110.

In the illustrated embodiment, the needle cartridge 100 includes a fluidport 110 integrated with the housing 102. In some embodiments, the fluidport 110 is integral with the housing. In some embodiments, the fluidport 110 attaches to the housing 102 and forms a seal between thehousing 102 and the fluid port 110. In some embodiments, the needlecartridge 100 is configured to receive fluid into the cavity through thefluid port and discharge fluid from the cavity through the firstaperture 106.

The fluid port 110 is a projection that extends away from the housing102 at an angle. The projecting fluid port 110 extends away from alongitudinal axis of the housing 102 (i.e., an axis running from thefirst aperture 106 to the second aperture of the housing 102). Thevertex of the angle formed between the projecting fluid port 110 and thelongitudinal axis is oriented toward the end of the housing 102comprising the first aperture 106. That is the opening of the fluid port110 or third aperture 124 is oriented towards the rear of the needlecartridge 100. In addition, the rear facing fluid port 110 also guidesthe connecting tube to the rear of the actuating device and away fromthe tip of the needle cartridge so as to not obstruct the view of thetip or interfere with the puncturing process.

In the illustrated embodiment, the fluid port 110 is a hollow projectionextending from the housing 102 and forming a channel or conduit to theinternal cavity of the housing 102. In some embodiments, the fluid portis a hollow cylindrical projection extending from the housing 102. Thechannel or conduit may be any of a number of shapes including a circularcylinder, an elliptical cylinder, a curvilinear cylinder, a polyhedralprism, a combination of a curvilinear cylinder and a polyhedral prism.In some embodiments, the fluid port 110 forms a Luer taper. The taper isdesigned to allow the insertion of mating connectors (such as a tubingset) and to allow them to be attached with minimal forces while allowingthe connection to seal to pressures ranging from 5 psi to 10 psi. Thetaper further allows the disconnection of the mating connectors withminimal force with no damage or distortion to the taper and matingconnectors and further allows, if required, the insertion and sealing ofother connectors. For example, a tubing set introduced into the fluidport 110 may form a water tight fitting known as a Luer taper. Theangles within the conduit cause the tubing set to be retained in asemi-permanent joint.

The easy connection of the needle cartridge 100 to the fluid deliverysystem allows the needle cartridge 100 to be easily replaced and allowsan operator use a new needle cartridge 100 for each new application.

The fluid port 110 includes a third aperture through which a fluid canbe introduced to the internal cavity of the housing 102 and whichultimately exits from the first aperture 106. In some embodiments, thefluid port 110 includes fluid flow control features. Flow controlfeatures may allow fluid to enter the housing 102 through the fluid port110 but may also restrict fluid flow from exiting the housing 102 at thefluid port 110. In some embodiments, the fluid port 110 includes a checkvalve oriented to allow fluid to enter the housing 102 and to preventfluid outflow. Some embodiments may include a flexible elastomericsilicone or rubber diaphragms, flappers, or a duckbill construction, orother known check valves. The valve may be sized be sized to fit theconduit of the fluid port 110. In some embodiments, the flow controlfeatures may be a high cracking pressure valve to prevent back flow whenthe needle cartridge 100 is used with a pressurized fluid flow from apump.

In some embodiments, the needle cartridge 100 further includes aninternal seal (for example, elastomeric) to form a seal between thefirst aperture 106 and the second aperture. The internal seal restrictsfluid flow from exiting the housing at the second aperture. The internalseal forms a seal between the inside surface of the housing and theouter surface of the needle group assembly 104. In some embodiments, theinternal seal is attached to the inside surface of the housing 102 andis further attached to the needle group assembly 104. In someembodiments, the needle group assembly 104 includes a smaller diameterlanding area or recessed area onto which the internal seal is attached.The recessed area functions to prevent movement of the internal sealalong the length of the needle group assembly 104 during thereciprocating motion of the needle group assembly 104. The internal sealmay act as a spring member to bias the needle group assembly 104 in aparticular direction. The internal seal may bias the needle groupassembly 104 back to an original position after being displaced ordriven by an actuating device. In some embodiments, the internal seal,when used in conjunction with a check valve (i.e., in the fluid port110), can operate as a displacement pump allowing gravity fed fluids fedinto the housing 102 to be displaced out the first aperture 106 of thehousing 102.

In some embodiments, the needle cartridge 100 is configured to attach toand interface with an actuating device (see e.g., FIGS. 2-4). Theactuating device is a mechanical device that physically actuates theneedle group assembly 104 and causes the reciprocating motion of theneedle group assembly 104 relative to the housing. In some embodiments,the needle cartridge 100 is configured to attach to the actuating devicesuch that the housing 102 does not move relative to the actuatingdevice. The actuating device may have a push rod or other feature whichinterfaces and moves the needle group assembly 104 in a reciprocatingmotion. In some embodiments, the housing 102 includes an interfaceconfigured to lock the housing 102 into the actuating device. In someembodiments, the needle cartridge 100 is configured to attach at an endopposite the first aperture 106. The housing 102 may include featureswhich interface with the actuating devices (such as clips, notches,seals, etc.).

Although the needle cartridge 100 is shown and described with certaincomponents and functionality, other embodiments of the needle cartridge100 may include fewer or more components to implement less or morefunctionality. In addition, each of the components and functionalitydescribed in conjunction with FIG. 1 may be applied to each of theremaining figures of the application although not necessarily describedherein.

Referring to FIG. 2, a side view of a needle cartridge 100 and anactuating device 200 is shown. The actuating device 200 is a handhelddevice similar to the actuating device described in conjunction withFIG. 1 and is configured to hold the needle cartridge 100. In addition,the actuating device 200 is configured to actuate a needle groupassembly 104 in a reciprocating motion. The needle cartridge 100 isinserted into the actuating device 200 (shown in an attachedconfiguration in FIGS. 3 and 4). In the illustrated embodiment, theneedle cartridge 100 includes a tapered end 114 including a firstaperture 106 through which a needle or needle group may come forth froman internal cavity (not visible). In some embodiments, the needlecartridge 100 is configured to attach to and interface with theactuating device 200 (see e.g., FIGS. 3-4) at a second end 116 oppositethe tapered end 114. The needle cartridge 100 is further configured tointerface with a fluid delivery system 300 (see e.g., FIG. 3) at a fluidport 110. The needle cartridge 100 and/or the housing 102 may includevarious features 118 which interface and interact with the actuatingdevice 200 to connect and attach the needle cartridge 100 to theactuating device 200.

The illustrated embodiment includes an outer seal 120 thatcircumferentially surrounds an outer surface of the second end 116 andis configured to interface with an opening of the actuating device 200.The outer seal 120 seals the needle cartridge 100 to the actuatingdevice 200 restricting the ingress of fluid into the interior of theactuating device 200 through the opening. The actuating device 200interfaces with the protruding shaft 108 of the needle group assembly104 and actuates the needle group assembly in a reciprocating motionrelative to housing of the needle cartridge 100.

Referring to FIG. 3, a needle cartridge 100 is shown attached to anactuating device 200 and a fluid delivery system 300. The fluid deliverysystem 300 may include a fluid reservoir (not shown), a pumping system(not shown), and a dispenser 302 which is configured to attach to theneedle cartridge 100 at the fluid port 110 and deliver fluid into theneedle cartridge 100. FIG. 3 depicts the needle cartridge 100 insertedinto an opening of the actuating device 200 with the outer seal 120forming a seal between the housing 102 and the opening of the actuatingdevice 200.

In the illustrated embodiment, a needle group 122 is shown protrudingfrom the housing 102 through the first aperture 106. As described above,a needle group assembly 104 is actuated by the actuating device 200 andcaused to move in a reciprocating motion. An end of the needle groupemerges from the housing 102 through the first aperture 106 during aforward motion and retracts back into the housing 102 through the firstaperture 106 during a reverse motion. The needle group moves back andforth between a first position (e.g., a retracted position with theneedle group wholly within the cavity of the housing 102) and a secondposition (e.g., a forward position with an end of the needle groupemerged from the first aperture 106). FIG. 3 depicts the needle group inthe second position (emerged from the first aperture 106).

The fluid delivery system 300 delivers fluid from the dispenser 302 intoa third aperture of the housing 102 in the fluid port 110 and out thefirst aperture 106. As the needle group 122 retracts fully into thehousing 102, the first aperture 106 cleans the needle group 122. Thatis, the interior surface of the first aperture 106 wipes the exteriorsurface of the needle group 122 during the reverse motion. The fluiddelivered by the cartridge may vary depending on the particularfunction, each having varying properties (e.g., viscosity, etc.) andcompositions. In some applications, for example an application using ahighly viscous fluid or a fluid that agglomerates, a blockage may formover the first aperture 106. The self-cleaning of the needle group 122that occurs upon retraction of the needle group 122 into the housingkeeps the fluid from agglomerating and blocking fluid flow through thefirst aperture 106. In addition, dermal debris can sometimes lodge orget stuck in the needle group 122 and/or the first aperture 106. Theself-cleaning of the needle group 122 that occurs upon full retractionof the needle group into the housing dislodges the dermal debris.

In addition to the self cleaning of the needle group 122, clogging ofthe aperture is ameliorated by fluid pressure from the fluid deliverysystem 300. As described more fully herein, the needle cartridge issealed with the fluid entering at the third aperture and exiting at thefirst aperture. The positive pressure applied from the fluid deliverysystem pushes any clogs from the first aperture. This is possiblebecause the fluid port 110 is sealed to and/or integral with thecartridge housing. In addition, the Luer taper and seal formed thereinat the fluid port 110 also allows for the pressure to build and onlyallow fluid to exit at the first aperture. The sealed housing allows forthe pressure to build and only allow the fluid to exit at the firstaperture.

FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional side view of a needle cartridge 100attached to an actuating device 200. As shown the second end 116 of theneedle cartridge 100 is inserted into and interfaces with the actuatingdevice 200. In the illustrated embodiment, the actuating device 200includes a push rod 202. The push rod 202 of the actuating device 200interfaces with the protruding shaft 108 of the needle cartridge 100 andactuates the needle group assembly 104 causing a needle or needle group122 to reciprocate back and forth and in and out the first aperture 106of the needle cartridge 100. The fluid delivery system 300 dispenses afluid into the fluid port 110 through a third aperture 124 of thehousing 102 while the actuating device 200 actuates the needle group122. The needle cartridge 100 further includes an outer seal 120 thatcircumferentially surrounds an outer surface of the second end 116 andis configured to interface with the opening of the actuating device 200.The outer seal 120 seals the needle cartridge 100 to the actuatingdevice 200 restricting the ingress of fluid into the interior of theactuating device 200, thereby protecting the push rod 202 and otherinternal components of the actuating device 200.

The fluid enters into the needle cartridge 100 at the third aperture 124and exits the needle cartridge 100 at the first aperture 106. The fluidexits the first aperture 106 and contacts the skin of the patient whilethe needle group 122 is reciprocating and penetrating the skin of thepatient. The fluid is delivered to the skin to aid in the removal of inkof a tattoo. In the illustrated embodiment, the needle group assembly104 includes a needle group 122 and a needle holder 126. The needleholder 126 includes the shaft 108 which protrudes out of the housing 102through the second aperture 128. The needle holder 126 includes arecessed space on an opposite end to the shaft 108 and holds the needlegroup 122 together in the recessed space. The needle group 122 may besecured to the needle holder, in some embodiments, by adhesive, insertmolding, or other means of attachment. In some embodiments, theplurality of needles in the needle group 122 are welded, brazed, orsoldered together. In such embodiments, the needle group 122 is thenattached or secured to the needle holder 126.

Referring to FIGS. 5-9, various views of a needle cartridge 100 areshown, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.FIG. 5 shows a top view of the needle cartridge 100 for puncturing theepidermis with controlled fluid delivery. FIG. 6 depicts a side view ofa needle cartridge for puncturing the epidermis with controlled fluiddelivery. FIG. 7 depicts a bottom view of a needle cartridge forpuncturing the epidermis with controlled fluid delivery. FIG. 8 depictsa front view of a needle cartridge for puncturing the epidermis withcontrolled fluid delivery. FIG. 9 depicts a rear view of a needlecartridge for puncturing the epidermis with controlled fluid delivery.

Referring to FIGS. 10-12, exploded views of a needle cartridge 100 areshown, according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.FIG. 10 depicts an exploded side view of a needle cartridge 100 forpuncturing the epidermis with controlled fluid delivery. FIG. 11 depictsan exploded perspective view of a needle cartridge. FIG. 12 depicts anexploded cross-sectional view of a needle cartridge. The needlecartridge 100 includes a housing 102 and a needle group assembly 104. Inthe illustrated embodiment, the housing 102 is formed from separatecomponents including an outer housing 152, a needle group housing 162,and a needle holder housing 172. The outer housing 152, the needle grouphousing 162, and the needle holder housing 172 connect together to formthe housing 102 and in some embodiments, include some or all thefeatures described in conjunction with the proceeding figures. In otherembodiments, the housing 102 is a single integral piece (see e.g., FIG.17 and associated description).

In the illustrated embodiment, the outer housing 152 includes the firstaperture 106 through which the needle group 122 of the needle groupassembly reciprocates and exits the housing 102. The inner surface ofthe first aperture 106 is sized to correspond to the outer surface ofthe needle group 122. In some embodiments, the inner surface of thefirst aperture 106 is slightly larger than the outer surface of theneedle group 122. In such embodiments, the inner surface of the firstaperture 106 wipes the outer surface of the needle group 122 during theretraction of the needle group 122 into the housing 102 through thefirst aperture 106.

The outer housing 152 forms a cavity into which a portion 164 of theneedle group housing 162 fits. The inside surface of the outer housing152 and the outside surface of the needle group housing 162 forms afluid cavity (depicted more clearly in FIGS. 13 and 14). The outerhousing 152 further includes the fluid port 110. The fluid port 110 mayinclude some or all the features and components described in conjunctionwith the remaining figures in this specification. The fluid from thefluid delivery system enters the fluid cavity at the third aperture 124of the fluid port 110 and exits the fluid cavity at the first aperture106.

The needle group housing 162 forms a needle group cavity 168 in which ishoused a portion of the needle group 122. The needle group housingseparates the fluid cavity from the needle group cavity 168. The needlegroup housing 162 further includes a fourth aperture 166 through whichthe needle group 122 reciprocates. In some embodiments, the needle group122 not only reciprocates back and forth and in and out the firstaperture 106 (similar to what is described above) but also reciprocatesback and forth and in and out the fourth aperture 166. In suchembodiments, the inside surface of the fourth aperture 166 may functionin a manner similar to the first aperture 106 by wiping or scrapingfluid off the needle group 122 during the retraction of the needlegroup. In other embodiments, the needle group 122 is always protrudingfrom the fourth aperture 166 during the reciprocating motion.

In some embodiments, the needle group housing 162 is configured toattach to the outer housing 152 and may snap into the outer housing 152.In some embodiments, the needle group housing 162 and/or outer housing152 may include various recesses and/or protrusions to allow theirattachment together. Some embodiments may further include seals torestrict fluid flow to the above described fluid paths (i.e. into thefluid port 110 and out the first aperture 106.

The needle holder housing 172 forms a cavity in which is housed at leasta portion of the needle holder 126. The needle holder housing 172includes a bearing surface 174 that allows the linear reciprocatingmotion of the needle group assembly 104 and prevents radial motion. Thebearing surface 174 is an inside surface of the needle holder housing172. The needle holder housing 172 further includes the second aperture128. The needle holder housing 172 is configured to attach to the needlegroup housing 162. In some embodiments, the needle group housing 162and/or needle holder housing 172 may include various recesses and/orprotrusions to allow their attachment together. Some embodiments mayfurther include seals to restrict fluid flow from entering the cavitywithin the needle holder housing 172.

Referring to FIG. 12, a cross-sectional view of the needle holder 126 isshown. In some embodiments, the needle holder 126 includes a recessedspace 132 on an opposite end of the needle holder 126 from the shaft108. The recessed space 132 holds the needle group 122 together in therecessed space. The needle group 122 may be secured to the needleholder, in some embodiments, by adhesive, insert molding, or other meansof attachment.

Referring to FIG. 13, the needle cartridge 100 is depicted with thehousing formed with the housing 102 formed. The housing 102 is formedfrom the outer housing 152, the needle group housing 162, and the needleholder housing 172. Also depicted in FIG. 13 is the fluid cavity 154which is a chamber bounded by the inner surface of the outer housing 152and the outer surface of the needle group housing 162. Also depictedFIG. 13 is the needle group assembly 104 including the needle group 122affixed into the recessed space 132 of the needle holder 126. The shaft108 of the needle holder is shown protruding through the second aperture128. Also depicted are the outer seal 120 and the internal seal 130. Theinternal seal 130 is shown seated in a smaller diameter recess on theneedle holder 126 and further forming a seal between the first aperture106 and the second aperture 128.

In some embodiments, the needle group housing 162 includes a bearingsurface that allows the linear reciprocating motion of the needle groupassembly 104 and prevents radial motion. The bearing surface is aninside surface of the needle group housing 162 and is depicted in FIG.13 with the needle holder abutting the bearing surface of the needlegroup housing 162.

FIG. 14 depicts a cross-sectional side view of another embodiment of aneedle cartridge 100 for puncturing the epidermis with controlled fluiddelivery. FIG. 15 depicts a cross-sectional perspective view of theneedle cartridge 100. The features, components, and functionality ofFIGS. 14-15 are not described in detail for the sake of brevity, but theneedle cartridge 100 of FIGS. 14-15 may include some or all of thefeatures, components, and functionality described in conjunction withFIGS. 1-13. FIG. 14 depicts the angle between the fluid port 110 and thelongitudinal axis of the housing 102 (i.e., the axis running from thefirst aperture 106 to the second aperture 128. The vertex of the angleformed between the projecting fluid port 110 and the longitudinal axisis oriented toward the end of the housing 102 comprising the firstaperture 106. That is the opening of the fluid port 110 or thirdaperture 124 is oriented towards the rear of the needle cartridge 100

FIG. 16 depicts a perspective view of another embodiment of a needlecartridge 100. FIG. 17 depicts a cross-sectional perspective view of theneedle cartridge 100. The features, components, and functionality ofFIGS. 16-17 are not described in detail for the sake of brevity, but theneedle cartridge 100 of FIGS. 16-17 may include some or all of thefeatures, components, and functionality described in conjunction withFIGS. 1-15. Referring now to the FIG. 17, the housing 102 is a singlepiece that forms the fluid cavity 154 and includes the fluid port 110.In addition, FIG. 17 depicts a bearing 180 that allows the linearreciprocating motion of the needle group assembly 104 and preventsradial motion. In addition, the needle cartridge includes a nozzle 182affixed into the housing 102 which, in some embodiments, forms the firstaperture 106. In addition, the nozzle 182 can be replaced or changed inthe housing 102 to accommodate different size and shapes for the firstaperture 106, where the size and shape of the first aperture 106corresponds to the shape and pattern of the needle group 122. Forexample, if a square needle group 122 is utilized the nozzle 182 can beswapped for a nozzle 182 with a square aperture 106. Multiple nozzles182 can be used with the same housing 102. In addition, the shape of theinside surface of the first aperture 106, in some embodiments, mayprevent rotational motion of the needle group 122 and/or needle groupassembly 104. Preventing rotational motion of the needle group 104 maybe important in non-circular needle groups as rotation of the needlegroup 104 will result in a different pattern on the skin during needlepenetration.

FIG. 18 depicts a flow chart diagram of an embodiment of a method 400for puncturing an epidermis with controlled fluid delivery. Although themethod 400 for puncturing an epidermis with controlled fluid delivery isdescribed in conjunction with the needle cartridge 100, the actuatingdevice 200, and the fluid delivery system 300 of FIGS. 1-17, embodimentsof the method 400 may be implemented with other types of apparatuses andsystems.

At 402, a needle group assembly of a needle cartridge is actuated in areciprocating motion. In some embodiments, the needle cartridge includesa housing and the needle group assembly, the housing forming a cavityand including the fluid port, the first aperture, and a second apertureopposite the first aperture. In some embodiments, the needle groupassembly is housed within the cavity and includes at least one needleand a needle holder. During the reciprocating motion, the at least oneneedle retracts fully into the cavity through the first aperture. At404, fluid from a fluid delivery system is received through the thirdaperture of a fluid port. At 406, the fluid is discharged through afirst aperture during the reciprocating motion. The depicted method 400then ends. Embodiments of the method 400 may further include some or allof the features, components, and functionality described above inconjunction with FIGS. 1-17 and are not described herein for the sake ofbrevity.

In the above description, certain terms may be used such as “up,”“down,” “upwards,” “downwards,” “upper,” “lower,” “horizontal,”“vertical,” “left,” “right,” “over,” “under” and the like. These termsare used, where applicable, to provide some clarity of description whendealing with relative relationships. But, these terms are not intendedto imply absolute relationships, positions, and/or orientations. Forexample, with respect to an object, an “upper” surface can become a“lower” surface simply by turning the object over. Nevertheless, it isstill the same object. Further, the terms “including,” “comprising,”“having,” and variations thereof mean “including but not limited to”unless expressly specified otherwise. An enumerated listing of itemsdoes not imply that any or all of the items are mutually exclusiveand/or mutually inclusive, unless expressly specified otherwise. Theterms “a,” “an,” and “the” also refer to “one or more” unless expresslyspecified otherwise. Further, the term “plurality” can be defined as “atleast two.”

Additionally, instances in this specification where one element is“coupled” to another element can include direct and indirect coupling.Direct coupling can be defined as one element coupled to and in somecontact with another element. Indirect coupling can be defined ascoupling between two elements not in direct contact with each other, buthaving one or more additional elements between the coupled elements.Further, as used herein, securing one element to another element caninclude direct securing and indirect securing. Additionally, as usedherein, “adjacent” does not necessarily denote contact. For example, oneelement can be adjacent another element without being in contact withthat element.

As used herein, the phrase “at least one of” when used with a list ofitems, means different combinations of one or more of the listed itemsmay be used and only one of the items in the list may be needed. Theitem may be a particular object, thing, or category. In other words, “atleast one of” means any combination of items or number of items may beused from the list, but not all of the items in the list may berequired. For example, “at least one of item A, item B, and item C” maymean item A; item A and item B; item B; item A, item B, and item C; oritem B and item C. In some cases, “at least one of item A, item B, anditem C” may mean, for example, without limitation, two of item A, one ofitem B, and ten of item C; four of item B and seven of item C; or someother suitable combination.

Unless otherwise indicated, the terms “first,” “second,” etc. are usedherein merely as labels, and are not intended to impose ordinal,positional, or hierarchical requirements on the items to which theseterms refer. Moreover, reference to, e.g., a “second” item does notrequire or preclude the existence of, e.g., a “first” or lower-numbereditem, and/or, e.g., a “third” or higher-numbered item.

As used herein, a system, apparatus, structure, article, element,component, or hardware “configured to” perform a specified function isindeed capable of performing the specified function without anyalteration, rather than merely having potential to perform the specifiedfunction after further modification. In other words, the system,apparatus, structure, article, element, component, or hardware“configured to” perform a specified function is specifically selected,created, implemented, utilized, programmed, and/or designed for thepurpose of performing the specified function. As used herein,“configured to” denotes existing characteristics of a system, apparatus,structure, article, element, component, or hardware which enable thesystem, apparatus, structure, article, element, component, or hardwareto perform the specified function without further modification. Forpurposes of this disclosure, a system, apparatus, structure, article,element, component, or hardware described as being “configured to”perform a particular function may additionally or alternatively bedescribed as being “adapted to” and/or as being “operative to” performthat function.

The schematic flow chart diagrams and method schematic diagramsdescribed above are generally set forth as logical flow chart diagrams.As such, the depicted order and labeled steps are indicative ofrepresentative embodiments. Other steps, orderings and methods may beconceived that are equivalent in function, logic, or effect to one ormore steps, or portions thereof, of the methods illustrated in theschematic diagrams.

Additionally, the format and symbols employed are provided to explainthe logical steps of the schematic diagrams and are understood not tolimit the scope of the methods illustrated by the diagrams. Althoughvarious arrow types and line types may be employed in the schematicdiagrams, they are understood not to limit the scope of thecorresponding methods. Indeed, some arrows or other connectors may beused to indicate only the logical flow of a method. For instance, anarrow may indicate a waiting or monitoring period of unspecifiedduration between enumerated steps of a depicted method. Additionally,the order in which a particular method occurs may or may not strictlyadhere to the order of the corresponding steps shown.

The present subject matter may be embodied in other specific formswithout departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Thedescribed embodiments are to be considered in all respects only asillustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within themeaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced withintheir scope.

In the above description, specific details of various embodiments areprovided. However, some embodiments may be practiced with less than allof these specific details. In other instances, certain methods,procedures, components, structures, and/or functions are described in nomore detail than to enable the various embodiments of the invention, forthe sake of brevity and clarity.

Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described andillustrated, the invention is not to be limited to the specific forms orarrangements of parts so described and illustrated. The scope of theinvention is to be defined by the claims appended hereto and theirequivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus for puncturing an epidermis withcontrolled fluid delivery, the apparatus comprising: a needle cartridgeconfigured to attach to and interface with an actuating device, thecartridge comprising: a housing forming a fluid cavity and comprising afirst aperture and a second aperture opposite the first aperture; aneedle group assembly comprising at least one needle and a needleholder, wherein the needle group assembly is configured to move in areciprocating motion relative to the housing along an axis from thefirst aperture to the second aperture, and wherein, during thereciprocating motion, the at least one needle fully retracts into thefluid cavity through the first aperture; a needle group housing thatforms a needle group cavity and separates the fluid cavity from theneedle group cavity, wherein the needle group housing comprises a fourthaperture through which the at least one needle reciprocates, andwherein, during the reciprocating motion, the at least one needle fullyretracts into the needle group housing through the fourth aperture; anda fluid port integrated with the housing and comprising a hollowprojection forming a conduit and extending away from the housing, thefluid port comprising a third aperture, wherein the fluid port isconfigured to interface with a fluid delivery system.
 2. The apparatusof claim 1, wherein the fluid port is structurally integral with thehousing.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the needle cartridgefurther comprises an internal seal forming a seal between the firstaperture and the second aperture.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, whereinthe needle cartridge is further configured to receive fluid into thefluid cavity through the third aperture and discharge fluid from thefluid cavity through the first aperture and wherein the fluid portfurther comprises a fluid flow control feature that allows fluid toenter the fluid cavity through the fluid port and restricts fluid flowfrom exiting the fluid cavity at the fluid port.
 5. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the needle holder comprises a shaft protruding outbeyond the second aperture.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein thehousing comprises an outer housing, the needle group housing, and aneedle holder housing, wherein the outer housing comprises the fluidport and first aperture.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein thehousing comprises an outer housing, the needle group housing, and aneedle holder housing, wherein the outer housing comprises the fluidport and first aperture, and wherein the needle holder housing comprisesthe second aperture.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the housingcomprises an outer housing, the needle group housing, and a needleholder housing, wherein the outer housing comprises the fluid port andfirst aperture, and wherein the outer housing encloses a portion of theneedle group housing.
 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein an innersurface of the outer housing and an outer surface of the needle grouphousing form the fluid cavity.
 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein thefluid cavity concentrically surrounds the needle group cavity at leastpartially.
 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein, during thereciprocating motion, the at least one needle fully retracts into theneedle group housing through the fourth aperture.
 12. The apparatus ofclaim 11, wherein the at least one needle comprises a needle groupcomprising a plurality of needles side by side.
 13. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein the conduit of the fluid port comprises a Luer taper.14. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a bearing configured toengage the needle group assembly and allow a linear reciprocating motionof the needle group assembly and prevent radial motion of the needlegroup assembly.
 15. An apparatus for puncturing an epidermis withcontrolled fluid delivery, the apparatus comprising: a needle cartridgeconfigured to attach to and interface with an actuating device, thecartridge comprising: a housing forming a fluid cavity and comprising afirst aperture and a second aperture opposite the first aperture, thehousing further comprising an outer housing, a needle group housing, anda needle holder housing, wherein the outer housing comprises the firstaperture, and wherein the needle holder housing comprises the secondaperture, and wherein the needle group housing forms a needle groupcavity and separates the fluid cavity from the needle group cavity; aneedle group assembly comprising at least one needle and a needleholder, wherein the needle group assembly is configured to move in areciprocating motion relative to the housing along an axis from thefirst aperture to the second aperture, wherein during the reciprocatingmotion the at least one needle fully retracts into the fluid cavitythrough the first aperture and fully retracts into the needle groupcavity; and a fluid port integrated with the housing and comprising ahollow projection forming a conduit and extending away from the housing,the fluid port comprising a third aperture, wherein the fluid port isconfigured to interface with a fluid delivery system, and wherein theouter housing comprises the fluid port.
 16. The apparatus of claim 15,wherein the fluid cavity concentrically surrounds the needle groupcavity at least partially.